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Nicholas G. Carr (born 1959) is an American writer who has published books and articles on technology, business, and culture. His book ''The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains'' was a finalist for the 2011 Pulitzer Prize in General Nonfiction.〔(2011 Pulitzer Prize finalists )〕 ==Career== Nicholas Carr originally came to prominence with the 2003 ''Harvard Business Review'' article "IT Doesn't Matter" and the 2004 book ''Does IT Matter? Information Technology and the Corrosion of Competitive Advantage'' (Harvard Business School Press). In these widely discussed works, he argued that the strategic importance of information technology in business has diminished as IT has become more commonplace, standardized and cheaper. His ideas roiled the information technology industry,〔(Twilight Of The Pc Era? ) December 8, 2003〕 spurring heated outcries from executives of Microsoft, Intel, Hewlett-Packard and other leading technology companies, although the ideas got mixed responses from other commentators.〔(IT Doesn't Matter--response to critics ) 2004〕〔(Why IT Does Matter ) August 25, 2003〕〔(Does IT Matter? An HBR Debate ) June 2003〕 In 2005, Carr published the controversial article "The End of Corporate Computing" in the ''MIT Sloan Management Review,'' in which he argued that in the future companies will purchase information technology as a utility service from outside suppliers. Carr's second book, ''The Big Switch: Rewiring the World, From Edison to Google'', was published in January 2008 by W. W. Norton. It examines the economic and social consequences of the rise of Internet-based "cloud computing" comparing the consequences to those that occurred with the rise of electric utilities in the early 20th century.〔(An eye-opening look at the new computer revolution and the coming transformation of our economy, society, and culture ) December 2007〕 In the summer of 2008, ''The Atlantic'' published Carr's article "Is Google Making Us Stupid?" as the cover story of its annual Ideas issue. Highly critical of the Internet's effect on cognition, the article has been read and debated widely in both the media and the blogosphere. Carr's main argument is that the Internet may have detrimental effects on cognition that diminish the capacity for concentration and contemplation. Carr's 2010 book, ''The Shallows'', develops this argument further. Discussing various examples ranging from Nietzsche's typewriter to London cab drivers' GPS navigators, Carr shows how newly introduced technologies change the way people think, act and live.〔(Very long excerpt from "The Shallows", by Nicholas Carr ) Jared Nielsen〕 The book focuses on the detrimental influence of the Internet—although it does recognize its beneficial aspects—by investigating how hypertext has contributed to the fragmentation of knowledge. When we search the Web, for instance, the context of information can be easily ignored. "We don't see the trees," Carr writes. "We see twigs and leaves."〔Lehrer, Jonah ("Our Cluttered Minds" ) New York Times, June 3, 2010〕 One of Carr's major points is that the change caused by the Internet involves the physical restructuring of the human brain, which he explains using the neuroscientific notion of "neuroplasticity." In addition to being a Pulitzer Prize nominee, the book appeared on the New York Times nonfiction bestseller list and has been translated into 17 languages in addition to English.〔http://www.theshallowsbook.com/nicholascarr/Nicholas_Carrs_The_Shallows__Editions.html〕 In January 2008 Carr became a member of the Editorial Board of Advisors of ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.〔(Nicholas Carr, David Gelernter & Michael Wesch: New Britannica Advisors ) – Britannica Blog, January 25, 2008〕 Earlier in his career, Carr served as executive editor of the ''Harvard Business Review''. He was educated at Dartmouth College and Harvard University.〔(Profile at Carr's blog )〕 In January 2013, Carr was asked to contribute his thoughts on what the world should be most worried about.〔() What should we be worried about, Harper Collins, Feb 2014.〕 He wrote that his greatest worry was the "patience deficit" caused by technology, citing the research of Shunmuga Krishnan and Ramesh Sitaraman 〔() Video Stream Quality Impacts Viewer Behavior, by Krishnan and Sitaraman, ACM Internet Measurement Conference, Nov 2012.〕 on how users abandon online videos that do not start playing within two seconds and how users with faster Internet connectivity are more impatient than those with slower connectivity.〔() The Patience Deficit, by Nicholas Carr, Dec 2013.〕〔() Patience is a Network Effect, by Nicholas Carr, Nov 2012.〕 In 2014, Carr published his fourth book, "The Glass Cage: Automation and Us", which presents a critical examination of the role of computer automation in contemporary life. Spanning historical, technical, economic, and philosophical viewpoints, the book has been widely acclaimed by reviewers, with the New York Times Sunday Book Review terming it "essential."〔http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/09/books/review/the-glass-cage-by-nicholas-carr.html〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nicholas G. Carr」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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